the input of sulfur, hydrogen, total water and analytic water; the high calorific value, low calorific value and cartridge calorific value of coal can be calculated automatically [910]. The difference between high calorific value and low calorific value lies in whether the water in fuel combustion products is liquid or gaseous. Water is liquid ...
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The new equation is at least as effective in predicting calorific values for a set of 1004 coals as equiv. equations derived for 6 subsets of the coals. On the whole, the distributions of differences between obsd. and calcd. calorific values are skewed to only a small extent. About 86% of the differences lie between 300 and +300 Btulb.1.
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from coal combustion are primarily sulfur dioxide (SO 2), with a much lower quantity of sulfur xide (SO 3) and gaseous sulfates. These compounds form as the organic and pyritic sulfur in the coal are oxidized during the combustion process. On average, about 95 percent of the sulfur present in bituminous coal will be emitted as gaseous SO x
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The volume flow of gas into boiler Bgas. Calculation example In this paper, a coal and gas dualfired boiler is taken as an example. On the basis of measured data, the method proposed above is applied to calculate the pulverized coal mass flow. Detailed data and calculation result are shown in Table 1.
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range of coal with variable ash content and calorific values [2], whi le operational requirements are becoming tighter due to economic pressure s and environmental emission s regulations [3] .
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The given values are for fuels with the given density. The variation in quality may give heating values within a range 5 10% higher and lower than the given value. Also the solid fuels will have a similar quality variation for the different classes of fuel. 1 Btu (IT)/lb = MJ/t = J/kg = kcal/kg = kWh/kg.
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Densephase pneumatic conveying of pulverized coal experiments with superficial gas velocity ranged from m s −1 to m s −1 were carried out on the selfestablished 50 mm industrial pipe facility. The fluctuations of pressure, solid velocity, solid concentration and the average crosssection concentration were analyzed in terms of relative standard deviation (RSD), powder ...
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A commentary has been published: Discussion: "PulverizedCoal Firing of Marine WaterTube Boilers: Following Upon an Appreciation of the Results Secured in the Stationary PowerPlant Field With Pulverized Coal, a Series of Tests Were Conducted to Determine the Value of This Method of Firing to Marine Boilers" (Stillman, T. B., 1928, Trans. ASME, 4950(3), p. 031066)
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Introduction. In 2014, the share of electricity produced in the world from coal combustion was % [1]. While this share will need to be drastically reduced in the coming decades to reach the current CO 2 emission targets, it is nonetheless important to keep on increasing the efficiency of the existing assets worldwide in order to limit their global environmental impact.
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The tests performed show that the values of min. ignition temps. and the ignition delay times for the analyzed coals depend to a large extent on the coal rank. The ignition temp. and ignition time decreased when the volatile matter content in the coal increased and the calorific value of the fuel decreased, when the rank of coal decreased.
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Characteristics of pulverized coals have significant influence on the spontaneous combustion and explosion processes. This paper presents an experimental and theoretical framework on physicochemical characteristics of coal and their interrelations from spontaneous combustion and explosion perspectives. The chemical properties, morphology, bulk density, particle size, and specific surface area ...
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The basis low calorific value received by raw coal, MJ/kg. 1. Introduction. ... Hightemperature DTF can quantitatively obtain the change in conversion proportion of in the combustion process of pulverized coal. However, the simulated atmosphere in a DTF is not representative of the complex gas environment in the furnace caused by the rotating ...
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A pulverized coalfired boiler is an industrial or utility boiler that generates thermal energy by burning pulverized coal (also known as powdered coal or coal dust since it is as fine as face powder in cosmetic makeup) that is blown into the firebox.. The basic idea of a firing system using pulverised fuel is to use the whole volume of the furnace for the combustion of solid fuels.
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The Chinese national standard GB/T [7] exhibits the experimental specification for coal calorific measurement using the bomb calorimeter. However, the bomb calorimeter has a complex structure, cumbersome operation, and has a large measurement hysteresis, which makes it impossible to obtain the realtime calorific value of coal.
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Heating value and vitrinite reflectance are both rank parameters (section ); although, as noted in section, calorific value is related to the maceral content as well as the coal rank. Grindability and particle size are also related ( section ), with particle size being a function of the grindability of the coal and the energy ...
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It uses coke and auxiliary injectants like pulverized coal (PC) to generate the reductants and energy needed. However, coke production causes considerable energy consumption and greenhouse emissions and accounts for a big portion of pig iron production costs [1]. Also, coking coal resource is gradually depleted on the earth.
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Fig. 4 shows the volume fractions of these gases mentioned above and the net calorific value (CV, MJ/Nm 3) of the preheated coal gas. The calorific value of CO is higher than those of CH 4 and H 2, and more CO is generated in O 2 /CO 2. Therefore, the net calorific value of the preheated coal gas in O 2 /CO 2 is higher than that in air. In air ...
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A numerical model of a tower boiler burning low calorific value and highalkali coal was established; based on the jet rigidity of the flow field in the furnace, the effects of air velocity and air volume flow on the combustion of highalkali coal and NOx emissions were studied. The optimal parameters obtained by numerical simulation are applied to a typical experimental boiler. The ...
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The time required for the LIBS measurement process (see Table 1) depends on the frequency and number of scans. In this study, the frequency and number of scans are set to 4 spectra per second and 196 spectra per sample, respectively, resulting in 49 s for LIBS measurement. ... Improved measurement of the calorific value of pulverized coal ...
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The combustion process of pulverized coal injected into blast furnace involves a lot of physical and chemical reactions. Based on the combustion behaviors of pulverized coal, the conception of coal effective calorific value representing the actual thermal energy provided for blast furnace was proposed. A cost performance evaluation model of coal injection was built up for the optimal selection ...
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1. Introduction. Aimed at addressing climate change caused by CO 2 emissions, the consumption ratio of coal has been decreasing in China, while its total consumption is still on the rise. The power generation industry relies heavily on coalfired power, which is responsible for more than 50% of the total coal consumption in primary energy production (Gopan et al., 2015; Lasek et al., 2013; Lv ...
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34 Gudimella Tirumala Srinivas et al.: Efficiency of a Coal Fired Boiler in a Typical Thermal Power Plant s [( ) ( )]2 1 4 3 100 f f w h h h h w GCV × − + − = × × (3) Here GCV f is the gross calorific value of the coal (kJ/kg), whose measurement is based on mass of coal for which hoppers are mounted over the boilers on calibrated load cells [15].
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The fuel is a hard coal with an average calorific value around of MJ/kg. Fig. 1. Firing system of a frontal pulverized coalfired boiler
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